
Trains
took the Jewish prisoners and other people that German law had
declared undesirable and herded them into concentration camps
for extermination and experimentation.
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during
World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and
1945. Jews were targeted for extermination as part of a larger event involving the persecution and murder of other groups, including in particular the Roma and "incurably sick", as well as political opponents, gay men, Jehovah's Witnesses, ethnic Poles and Soviet prisoners of war.
Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Hitler's rise to power in 1933, the government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the
Nuremberg Laws in 1935. Starting in 1933, the Nazis built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and people deemed "undesirable". After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the regime set up ghettos to segregate Jews. Over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other detention sites were established.
The deportation of Jews to the ghettos culminated in the policy of extermination the Nazis called the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question", discussed by senior Nazi officials at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942. As German forces captured territories in the East, all anti-Jewish measures were radicalized. Under the coordination of the SS, with directions from the highest leadership of the Nazi Party, killings were committed within Germany itself, throughout German-occupied Europe, and across all territories controlled by the Axis powers. Paramilitary units called Einsatzgruppen murdered around two million Jews in mass shootings in less than a year. By mid-1942, victims were being deported from the ghettos in sealed freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, they were killed in gas chambers. The killing continued until the end of
World War II in Europe in April–May 1945.

Adolf
Hitler
German
Chancellor
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Herman
Goring
Reichsmarschall
Luftwaffe
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Heinrich
Himmler
Reichsführer Schutzstaffel
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Joseph
Goebbels
Reich Minister Propaganda
|

Philipp
Bouhler SS
NSDAP
Aktion T4
|

Dr
Josef Mengele
Physician
Auschwitz
|

Martin
Borman
Schutzstaffel
|

Adolph
Eichmann
Holocaust
Architect
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Erwin
Rommel
The
Desert Fox
|

Rudolf
Hess
Auschwitz
Commandant
|

Karl
Donitz
Submarine
Commander
|

Albert
Speer
Nazi
Architect
|
A
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